A Visit of Charity

Hope Biggs Character Analysis Paper Dr. Brookter January 22, 2013 No Charity, No Change Charity is defined as a voluntary giving of help and generosity especially towards the needy or suffering. This small simple word conveys a much bigger meaning, one of compassion and selflessness. In the story, â€Å"A Visit of Charity† the true act of charity seems to be missing. It is as if the main pieces of the puzzle are missing. The story has framework but lacks the compassion and selflessness needed to bring it to life. The reality is, charity never came to visit.The story is about a young teenage girl, Marion, who in order to gain points for her Campfire Girl Club must visit the Old Ladies Home. By simply buying a potted plant and taking it to one of the residents, she gained three points but she can earn extra points for bringing her bible and reading it to the residents. Marion brings only a plant. (Welty 111) â€Å"A Visit of Charity† begins by describing the cold winter d ay and a description of the nursing home, â€Å"a whitewashed brick and reflected the winter sunlight like a block of ice† (Welty 111).This description alone not only describes the buildings appearance but also is descriptive of the coldness and the lack of feeling for the elderly. Marion is no different. No thought was put into what might be helpful and useful for the residents, like toiletries, socks, or even food. Instead her only preparation for the visit was buying the potted plant. It is a clear indication of her selfishness and a reflection of a society that does not value its elderly. Her main concern is in getting points because she brings a potted plant.No real thought is put into who to give it to or who might actually enjoy it. She receives more than she gives and this reveals a true character flaw in Marion. Repeatedly in this story she reveals a selfishness and lack of connectivity to anything or anyone that does not benefit her. This is evident when Marion tell s the nurse, â€Å"I have to pay a visit to some old ladies† (Welty 111). And when she is asked if she knows any of them, Marion states, â€Å"no but that is, any of them will do† (Welty 111). The use of â€Å"some† and â€Å"any† are evidenced that she has no interest in where she is or whom she will meet.There has been no preparation or thought of who could benefit from her visit other herself. In addition, either out of fear or self-preservation, Marion’s views the two old women not as people but as animals and birds. She refers as to one as having a â€Å"bleating† sound of a sheep and the other as having a â€Å"birds claw†. Her descriptions of the women are reflective of disrespect for older people. In a sense she dehumanizes them as to not see their real needs or pains. Sensory deprivation is often seen in older adults that lack stimulation and human contact.Older adults who are confined to a nursing home often lose track of ti me, place, and person. Joseph Casciani, a geropsychologist, stated in an article about sensory loss, â€Å"Added restrictions, such as confinement to bed or Geri-chair, increases the risk (of sensory deprivation). † But the old ladies are not the only ones experiencing sensory deprivation. Marion has difficulty answering the old women’s questions and to her surprise â€Å"Marion cannot remember her name† (Welty 111). It would be nice to believe that Marion’s lack of response was evidence of a tiny bit of empathy towards these old ladies but it is doubtful.Marion is oblivious to the older lady’s needs; her thoughts are only of herself and her desire to escape. Time stands still and the tiny room closes in on her. She realizes that the doors are closed and at one point she contemplates if she were to get sick, would they let her leave? Her only sign of compassion comes when she is told of Addie’s birthday and she asks her how old she is. Addie ’s response is to cry, possibly from the realization that she is spending her birthday alone with her roommate, a stranger, and isolated from anyone else. Or maybe she cried because she actually thought Marion cared.Regardless, Marion’s compassion was short lived. It is a mirror image of our present day society and our seemingly short attention span to the needs and hurts of our elderly. Brief encounters, brief awareness, but little intervention, and no real change. Clearly, all that Marion has encountered is a bit too much for her. Her lack of forethought and preparation of what to bring is also carried over in lack of planning on what she would do or say while she was there. Her thoughts quickly move to how she can escape without physical contact from either of the two old women.The harsh realities of life close in and she quickly escapes into the hallway with one of the old women following her begging for a penny, â€Å"Oh, little girl, have you a penny to spare fo r a poor old women that’s not got anything of her own? We don’t have a thing in the world-not a penny for candy-not a thing! Little girl, just a nickel-a penny? †(Welty 111). Her mind was only on escape, her ears may have heard what the old woman was saying but her heart did not respond to the need. Marion was out of her comfort zone and her one desire was to get back in it as quickly as possible.The same can be said for our generation that ignores the cry of our elderly. To truly see and respond to their needs, readers must get out of their comfort zones. We have become a generation that has found value in the selfishness of our own desires instead of the needs of the greatest generation that gave sacrificially for the freedoms we now enjoy. Marion may have escaped the discomfort of the Old Ladies Home but the could not escape the knowledge of the harsh realities that she witnessed there. At the end of the story a red apple appears.It is uncertain what the apple symbolizes and how it pertains to the story. One can merely speculate to its importance. In biblical times the apple was symbolic of the knowledge of good and evil. This shows the evidence, â€Å"When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable  for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband,  who was with her, and he ate it. † (New International Version, Genesis 3:6). An apple was given to Adam to eat and when he did his whole life changed.It is quite possible the apple represents that once we have the knowledge of another’s needs but we fail to act on it, then we are no different than any other evil generation. With knowledge comes responsibility. â€Å"A Visit of Charity† is a story that sends a message to our society. What will we do with the knowledge once we discover it? We are clearly a generation that has unlimited access to all kinds of information and knowl edge. But with knowledge must come responsibility and that requires that we get out of our comfort zones and meet the needs of the less fortunate and the hurting.Otherwise we are a generation of Marion’s who think only of themselves and lack the character to change not only their own destiny, but anyone else, as well. Work Cited Welty, Eudora. â€Å"A Visit of Charity. † Making Literature Matter. Ed. John Schilb, John Clifford. New York: 2012. 55-56. Print. Casciani, Joseph. â€Å"Sensory Touch in Older Adults- Taste, Smell & Touch – Behavioral Approaches for Caregivers†. Ezine Articles. com. April 9, 2008. Web. January 16, 2013. Zondervan NIV Study Bible. Ed. Kenneth L. Barker. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002. Print.

The Ed Sullivan Show

Since the late 1940’s, television has been a staple in American culture. A show that was very important in American television history is The Ed Sullivan Show, created by Ed Sullivan and Marlo Lewis in 1948. The show lasted until 1971, making it the longest running variety show in history and the twenty-fourth longest running show in primetime history. The show aired on CBS from 8:00-9:00 pm after being filmed in what was eventually named, The Ed Sullivan Theater. The Ed Sullivan Show lasted as long as it did because it was able to target all audiences in the hour show, which was one of the first television programs truly to do so.It was cancelled in 1971 because of the technological advances of television which made any television program available to anyone, at any time. Although other variety shows have been incredibly popular, The Ed Sullivan Show is the most important variety show to date because of its appeal to all ages. An agreeable argument is that both the Milton Ber le Show and The Steve Allen show had great talents and success as variety shows. The Milton Berle show was started in 1948 by host Milton Berle, who became one of the most famous television show hosts ever.His nickname developed into â€Å"Mr. Television† because of how great a host he was. The show aired originally on the radio and then the idea of the public use of television sparked its television debut. Milton Berle was so successful as host, which is evident in the fact that while on the radio, the show went through four different hosts before it reached him, and then did not change after that point1-6. Another variety show that showed great success on television was The Steve Allen Show. The show debuted many impressive new acts of all kinds.Steve Allen himself was â€Å"innovative, funny, and whimsical†2-15, which made him apart of the show with jokes and comedy skits. His talents helped the show tremendously. The show’s comedy talents were so famous that a few years after the show was cancelled The Steve Allen Comedy Hour was aired on CBS to pay tribute to the original show. While The Milton Berle Show, and The Steve Allen Show can be viewed as very important variety shows, they were not as appealing to all age groups and were not well-rounded shows.The Ed Sullivan Show was so successful as a variety show for so many reasons. One of the most important parts of the success was Ed Sullivan himself. Before becoming a television host, Ed worked behind the scenes as a writer for newspapers and a producer of many television programs. He began writing as a sports columnist and continued writing sports with many different papers all over the country until 1929 when he became a Broadway columnist3-17. Ed began to learn about show business through Broadway writing and shortly after began producing one time shows on television.During World War II Ed worked as the master of ceremonies at many relief effort shows, where people began knowing him as a host. Ed Sullivan made a great host because he was not the classic host with a â€Å"sparkly† personality. He put the focus on the acts by introducing them, and then stepping off to let the performer(s) do what he hired them to do. â€Å"Ed [did] nothing, but he [did] it better than anyone else on television†-Alan King4-9. Ed helped give the show its glory. He was named #50 of TV Guide’s â€Å"50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time† which demonstrates the value Ed gave to the show5-9.He was also a brilliant businessman. Ed exceedingly wanted to be a household name because the more he was nationally recognized, the more money and sponsors he could bring to the show. Mr. Sullivan was paid $164,000 a year, and for that time, that amount of money was incredible even for a television personality, but Ed turned a simple variety show into a phenomena6-19. Another piece of the shows success was the new talent scouted by Ed and the producers. The baby boomers were becoming the new market in pop culture, and The Ed Sullivan Show captured the attention of the baby boomers with all the talent.Ed Sullivan caught the young’s notice and then kept it and influenced it with bringing in new talent. Ed brought the love of English rock to America. On February 9th, 1964 the Beatles appeared live on television for the first time in America. Ed Sullivan noticed the obsession with the Beatles while in England with his wife and made a deal with Brian Epstein that the Beatles would perform three Sunday’s in a row on the show for $10,0007-4. About 73 million people tuned in to watch the Beatles perform, which equates to nearly 60% of all TV’s in America watching8-4.That was one of the biggest TV viewing in television history. After bringing in The Beatles and really launching â€Å"Beatle mania† in the United States, Ed starting focusing on other English rock bands and discovered talents such as The Rolling Stones, The Animals, Pet er and Gordon, etc. 9-4 With all the new talents, Ed brought in many new comedians too. Ed founded the careers of many famous comedians, and shortly after starting the show, any new up-and-coming comedian wanted to be on the Ed Sullivan Show because it meant a start of a career for them.If Ed held that they were funny enough to be on his show, than America would soon agree with that. The Ed Sullivan Show was so successful as a variety show because of the shear number of types of performers that starred on the show. First and foremost, theatrical and musical acts shaped the Ed Sullivan Show. Everything from Broadway music to classical, to rock and roll was played on the show. Ed also enjoyed different dancers a lot so there was everything from ballet to jazz. He also loved showing movie clips and parts of Broadway plays.A Second key genre of acts was comedy. It was one act that the â€Å"whole family† watched and enjoyed together; no matter what comedian or the type of comedy. Ed also focused on just kids with comedy. There was a ten-inch tall puppet named Topo Gigio that was apart of the show for eleven years. 10-8 Topo Gigio along with other kid directed comedy gave the show a softer side, which helped it compete with a show such as â€Å"The Wonderful World of Disney†. The Ed Sullivan Show had so many other acts that kept it shuffled.Sometimes there would be episodes dedicated to one theme, which broke up the usual shows and would be an hour-long episode to pay tribute to somebody or something. Sometimes athletes would appear to give advice about how to play their sport or just to talk to Ed. Some of those athletes include Mickey Mantle and Willie Mays. 11-2 Another very interesting type of performance would be a random celebrity in the audience coming up on stage to talk to Ed or to give an impromptu performance, which kept the show and audience members on edge.Ed Sullivan produced one of the most important television shows in history because of its impact on the careers of many and the world of television. ENDNOTES 1. Williams, Mark. â€Å"The Milton Berle Show. † Editorial. The Museum of Broadcast tttttttCommunications. 2011. Web. 22 Nov, 2011. http: //www. museum. tv/eotvsection. php? ttttttttentrycody=miltonberle. 2. Pack, Lindsay E. Saulovich, Johnny. â€Å"The Steve Allen Show. † Editorial. The Museum of ttttttBroadcast Communications. 2011. Web. 22 Nov, 2011. 3. Ed Sullivan Is Dead at 73;Charmed Millions on TV. † The New York Times 14 Oct. tttttttt  1974: n. pag. The New York Times:On This Day. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. ttttttt  . 4. Schaeffer, Eric. â€Å"Sullivan, Ed. † Editorial. The Museum of Broadcast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ttttttCommunications. N. p. , 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. . 5. The New York Times 6. The New York Times 7. Solt, Andrew, Sherwood, Mary. Rev. of The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show. tttttThe Ed Sullivan Show.SOFA Entertainment, 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. ttttt. 8. Solt, An drew. Sherwood, Mary 9. Solt, Andrew. Sherwood, Mary 10. Solt, Andrew. â€Å"Topo Gigio. † Editorial. The Ed Sullivan Show. SOFA Entertainment,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ttttt2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. . 11. Simon, Ron. â€Å"The Ed Sullivan Show. † Rev. of The Ed Sullivan Show. The Museum of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  tttttBroadcast Communications. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. tttt.

Anorexia Essays - 9, Startup Cult, Rasony Raion, First Mistake

Anorexia We all know that action is the key to success, and we always try to be the very best. But in a world that will try to knock you down you must have the strength to survive the final round. Growing up today you have to be wise because its hard to tell the truth when its covered by the lies. The world can be cruel and the world can be kind, but you had better step up or you'll be left behind. This is some of a poem that one of my friends from my support group had shared on the first day. But I shouldn't get to far ahead of myself, my name is Ender Olson, and I suffer from a very serious disorder, it is called anorexia. Some may say that anorexia is not that serious, but it changed my life, and many others. It started around when I was 13, I had never really had to worry about my weight, I had a fast digestive system, and I never seemed to gain weight. But when I hit puberty things seemed to change. My body was growing, and I started to put on weight, but this didn't bother me at all, and why should it have. But it started to in the summer of 1996, it was at summer camp, we had swimming, and it was mandatory. But unlike most of the kids I had no problem with this, I was a strong swimmer and enjoyed it allot. I got to my swim class and sat down. It was a very warm day, a day that I would remember for a long time. Well we all sat on the dock listing to them give instructions on what to do and stuff like that. But I was hot, so I took off my shirt, first mistake. The girls sitting across from me stared at me and were whispering to each other, but I had no idea what they were saying. So I did the class but as I got out of the water I was behind the two girls. They were laughing, the first one said "Did you see that guy, he had bigger boobs then you did." So I assumed they were talking about me. The signs all pointed that way, and that was the first time a person ever called me fat, and I was assured to make it my last. I started to work out at camp. Weights at the Fitness area, running the camp road, pull up's, and swimming. It seemed to work, and for that time until the end of the summer I was happy. Then I got home from camp, and I stopped, and the weight piled on again, I could see it. Nobody told me about it because that would just be very rude. But I knew what they were thinking. So I started to work out at the gym. But that wasn't it; I also cut back on food. Suddenly I was spending almost 2 hours everyday after school at the gym, and it seemed to be working. I was thin, but not happy. To make up for all the fat that I thought I still had, I cut out meals, to start I just didn't eat breakfast, no problem. It worked my result's were better then ever, because I didn't eat. So I starved myself more and more, thinking food was what was making me gain all that weight, my day was, Work, Sleep, Drink, Nibble. I started feeling faint, and I couldn't do as many laps, and I couldn't lift as much anymore, but I pushed. Then one day I was doing repetitions of 120 pounds, up, down, up, down, up, down, up, but then all of a sudden the weight became really heavy, and the room dimmed, and then black. I woke up in a room that was white. I thought I was dead, and then I saw my parents come over and look at me crying. For the first time in so long, I didn't care about how I looked, I only cared about being alive, and to be where I was. Of course the weight had hit my chest breaking all

CAPM and the use of it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CAPM and the use of it - Essay Example Capital asset pricing model delivers a very simple and easy theory. It offers an utilizable measure to calculate risk that facilitate financier to find out that how much return they are going to get for putting their funds at risk. This model mainly targets the risk averse investors. Capital asset pricing model is the widely used and mainly preferable model for risk and return used in finance. CAPM specifies the association between the risk and expected return that an investor gets on asset. This model is basically used to determine the expected required rate of return on assets and to determine the price of risky securities in the portfolio. This is the model in which securities are priced in such a manner that investors get compensation for the risk involved in the security by offering them return. Systematic risk is the market risk and the one that cannot be diversified easily or that can totally out of range to diversify away. It includes wars, an unpredictable variation in interest rates and many other macro economic factors. Unsystematic risk on the other hand involves those which can be sort out easily because this type of risk is related by means of the individual or stock an investor has in his portfolio. This is also identified as specific risk. This risk is not exposed to in general as a whole. An investor can diversify away unsystematic risk by raising the figure of stocks in his portfolio. So in technical words it can be stated that unsystematic risk does not move with the market as a whole. According to Modern Portfolio theory, it is concluded that unsystematic risk can be diversified but systematic risk still one of the troubles for the investors which cannot be ignored. So here the capital assets pricing model fully fitted and solve the problem because it is applicable for both type of risk either systematic or specific by diversifying it. CAPM itself exposed to some factors that are prevailing within capital

Ethics and the Criminal Justice Profession Case Study

Ethics and the Criminal Justice Profession - Case Study Example He fails to document this information." (Rothlein, 2007). This case shows that evidence has been discarded that may or may not affect the case. It is not within the bounds of the detective to determine that. All evidence must be disclosed. This case essentially tells how important the Brady v Maryland case is in the everyday job of the police officer or investigator. This in many ways is a difficult question to answer. No one wants to be held to a higher standard than those around them. However, I again quote the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics. In paragraph two it says: "I will keep my private life unsullied, as an example to all: I will be exempletory in obeying the laws of the land and the regulations of my department."(Law Enforcement Code of Ethics). If we do not hold the police officer at a higher standard than what might that affect when it comes time to prosecute a criminal If the arresting officer is known to indulge in drug abuse off duty and then arrests someone for doing the same while on duty, how does he justify that Because it is the law.

Noel Burch and Tom Gunning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Noel Burch and Tom Gunning - Essay Example According to Burch, the Theory of Film Practice is at every point derived is based on the perception of film as something that develops not through the constraints and conventions of an industry, but rather, it originates on the opposition to them. Burch, in all his work, has seemed to dedicate himself into redefining the components of film forms or styles. Burch's perception on film viewing and film-making are both as parts of the same intrinsic process. He re-establishes the shot changeover as the foundation of formal articulation in the cinema. Burch's quest led him into discovering what he perceived as a â€Å"purer cinema† which, in his point of view, is free of conservative ideologies. His Theory of Film of practice remains to be one of the main points in the study of criticisms in the Western film. In his book, Burch tackled various concepts such as the continuous and discontinuous forms of cutting as well as further investigating the various uses of off-screen space wh ich are defined and investigated extensively. Factors which he explored in the last seven chapters of his book included softness and sharpness of focus, lighting contrasts, moving and stationary images, long and short sequences, structural uses of sound, functions of chance as well as an interesting category which he designated as the â€Å"structures of aggression.† In Gunning's point-of-view, the general feel of narrative films gave audience the sense of being an unknown spectator of the film, generally watching. unknowing characters of each film

PEST Analysis on Financial Crisis As effecting the Essay

PEST Analysis on Financial Crisis As effecting the internationalization of the Fast Food Industry - Essay Example It got 9.5 out of 10- one of the highest ranks. The government is supportive of business ventures initiated by foreign investors and has created incentives like a strong pool of educated workforce, impeccable infrastructure and consistent policies to attract investments. The peaceful conditions also provide security of business for startups or franchises which expand into the nation. There is low tolerance of hard corruption within the Japanese culture and that is reflected in their government so there will not be unnecessary hassles or hurdles for investors looking to develop the market. The Nikkei Keizai Newspaper reported in 2010 that government of Japan was going to introducing preferential tax rates from foreign companies investing in Japan as one of the incentives, they have also established FAZ (Foreign Access zones) as a measure towards creating convenience and value for these investors. A Fast food industry would benefit from these policies like any other industry or firm op erated by foreigners; supply of equipment, raw material (for the actual food) and transport of necessary technology or resources will be easier as well. Some effect on the emerging industry practices will also be from the â€Å"Antimonopoly Act (AMA)† set by the government which includes the Act on prohibition of private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade and several other stator laws. The intended purpose of the law is to discourage any single firm to have a hold on the pricing and supply of an industry- hence the fast food industry would be better served if instead of a single franchise, different franchises entered the market together. Furthermore, the â€Å"system of labour law operating in Japan† which includes the ‘employment agreement’, ‘independent contractor agreement’ or ‘mandate agreement’ might make operations difficult for the franchises which run on the US based system of hiring workers without long term ag reements. 2.2 Economic Conditions Japan is the third largest economy in the world and its economy depends on the international trade. According to 2011-2012 salary survey, the average annual income is about 3,611,556 JPY (48,000 USD).A lack of natural resources such as forests, agricultural plains, mineral deposits etc have forced Japan to build its economy on trade, to earn money to purchase the raw materials for the economy. Japan is the 5th largest importer and exporter in the world. It depends on importing certain commodities such as fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles and raw material from several countries for its industrial sectors. But Japan has also cultivated a mature industrial economy by reserving industrial leaders and technicians and a well-educated and industrious workforce, promoting a culture of high savings and investment rate and intensive promotion of industrial development and foreign trade, making it one of the major importers of technology and electronic de vices in the world. Japan experienced the greatest rate of economic growth From 1960s to 1980s, known as the ‘post war economic miracle’

Captain James Cook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captain James Cook - Research Paper Example According to the "Captain James Cook" findings, born in 1728 and killed at the age of 50 during his third voyage to the island of Hawaii, Cook is a symbol of bravery and is a part of the heritage in those countries to which he discovered the ways of contact. He was not the one who intended to rule everywhere he went, either by hook or crook; rather, he left a legacy of wisdom and knowledge. He traveled in the vast Pacific ocean, developing routes for trade and to explore a new world and new people. His mapping was full of skill and exact up to the extent no one of those times could reach. The greatest contribution from him that was never done is that he noticed and recorded the geographical features of the places he visited (Beales 2006). Cook contributed to the world in many ways. He used astrology and its effects on oceans and making of tides for his own purposes of sailing. In the year 1776, he was assigned his first voyage to record the transit of Venus across the Pacific Ocean. He arrived at Tahiti in the year of 1769, where he observed the transitional period of Venus and completed his first task. Then he sailed towards the south to the coast of Australia and used his powerful mapping techniques to draw the coastline of New Zealand prior to his voyage. He was as good in describing the entire voyage and the places as in mapping. Thus, he recorded the culture and skin of the people living in certain areas along with the geographical features of the land. It is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide.... Cook definitely exerted extreme influence upon perceiving and understanding the modern world. His contributions towards geography, astronomy, mapping and navigation are a mild stone for explorers of all times. He played his part in discovering all those parts of the world which constitute a total of about one-third of it. His navigation skills were so perfect that even in the 20th century his maps were used as a guidance tool. Also his charts of coastlines were used to understand the geography of the places which can be of extreme help in order to study anthropology of a certain area. Several design and tactics used by the people of other places were introduced to the rest of the world, like tattoos from New Zealand that came into favor after Cook had set foot on the island. Also, it is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide as a device for measuring the speed with respect to distance. During his second voyage, he was about to reach the Antarctica from the south, but he has to provide his crew with new supply, therefore, he moved towards Tahiti again. But this journey opened queries regarding the end of the world or more land masses in the Pacific Ocean (James Cook 2011). Indeed, all of his voyages were a great contribution in knowledge of localities. He discovered many small islands; his contribution in calculating the longitude of an area helped a lot to the navigators of all times. It is because he was a good navigator and he measured the distance between two point areas and the lunar distance too, he became able to gather such techniques for finding the longitude. His most promising accomplishment was of circumnavigating the world, which was never done before. On the

SUMMARISING DATA.UNDERTAKING STATISTICAL TESTS. APPLIED MEDICAL Essay

SUMMARISING DATA.UNDERTAKING STATISTICAL TESTS. APPLIED MEDICAL STATISTICS - Essay Example categorized by 0 and 1 where 0 shows little or no pain and 1 shows severe or troublesome pain (Pain), Baby’s Birth weight (kg) (babyweight), Age entered in categories where 1 shows under 25, 2 shows 25-29, 3 shows 30-34, 4 shows 35 and over(agecat), the patient had any previous children or not recorded as 1 and 0 where 1 shows yes and 0 shows no (prevChildren), Depression level that was also scaled where the highest number show worse depression (depression) while the last variable that was not included but was needed to be calculated for section B is weight gained during pregnancy in kgs calculated by subtracting Weight1 from Weight2. All the statistics seem to lie within the normal range i.e., -2 to +2, thus it can be inferred that the given sample has somewhat symmetrical normal distribution. However, in the given case, the descriptive statistics for some variables seem meaningless including pain, idnum, agecat, prevChildren and depression and therefore not incorporated in t he table provided. Section B B1. Hypothesis Testing In order to explore the relationship between age and back pain, the following hypothesis was drawn. Ho: There exists no association between back pain and age of patient H1: There exists an association between back pain and age of patient Since both variables involved are ordinal, therefore in order to estimate a significant association between them, Chi-square test has been conducted on SPSS. The Chi squared test requires fulfilment of two assumptions. One of these require that both of the variables employed should be assessed at nominal level while the second requires that the independent variables should also be consisted of two or more independent groups (categorical). Both of these assumptions have been met by our sample data. It appears that the highest percent of patients having severe back pain fall in the 2nd category of age while most of the patients that experience little or no pain were of age category 1. Chi-Square Test s Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 8.657a 3 .034 Likelihood Ratio 8.758 3 .033 Linear-by-Linear Association 7.042 1 .008 N of Valid Cases 170 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.68. The observed value of Chi-squared statistic is 8.657 with 3 degrees of freedom. Since the cross tabulation table involved 2 rows and 4 columns, the Pearson seems to be the suitable chi-squared statistic. From the above table, the p-value is found to be equal to 0.034 which is less than 0.05 significance level. This P- value suggests that we can reject the null hypothesis indicating no association between back pain and agecategory. Therefore, it can be concluded that at 0.05 significance level, there exists a statistically significant relationship between back pain and age category of patient as stated under the alternate hypothesis. B2. Hypothesis Testing In order to explore the association between weight gained throughout pregnancy and the absence or occurrence of back pain, the following hypothesis is drawn. Ho: There

Marketing Principles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing Principles - Coursework Example The idea holds that achieving the goals of the company lie squarely in finding the needs of the market targeted. The company should come up with ideas that will persuade the customer’s needs by offering better products. Marketing concept relies on research carried out in the target market. Elements of the marketing process are sets of convenient tools. Such tools help the company’s blends to produce the impact it needs in the target market. There is a perception that if a company lowers the prices of the various commodities, the sales involuntarily increases. Such situations may be different. This is because customers may be looking for other components such as quality, cost effectiveness and value added services. An airline company which reduces its price by cost cutting in areas such as; airport charges, direct sales to the customers and lowering the advertisement costs may get profit in the long run (Pride & Ferrell, 2003). Placement involves all activities of a particular company that makes the products available to the target customers. A good example is the emirates airline that has continuously advertised its services to attract more customers. Promotion entails the means through which the companies communicate to its customers about their product’s values and benefits. Most companies in London have websites. Such websites act as a communication channel between the customers and the company. Market and product orientation are the two approaches of market orientation. Product-oriented approach involves a company developing products without having to focus on the customers’ needs. This kind of approach may often lead to unsuccessful ventures. A gas company in London may decide to introduce some new services without necessarily focusing on customers’ needs (Pride & Ferrell, 2003). Market-oriented approach; the company develops a product with a focus on the customers’ needs. The products developed lie squarely on the information obtained

Juliet is the Better Lover Essay Example for Free

Juliet is the Better Lover Essay Romeo and Juliet is Shakespeare’s greatest love story. With all the characters mixed up in love, hate, war and friendship, the bard’s tale spearheads a current debate on whether Romeo or Juliet was the better lover. This paper attempts to prove why Juliet is by far the better lover compared to Romeo. Experts have reason to believe that Romeo and Juliet were actually juveniles. Romeo was fourteen and Juliet was thirteen. This was evident in Elizabethan royalties where sons and daughters of the rich found themselves pre-arranged to sons and daughter of the same class. Girls were allowed to marry as young as 12. Between Romeo and Juliet, Juliet sacrificed more because she had to pursue her love to Romeo given the fact that she was a girl and was the younger of lover. Being a woman, much less a girl during the Elizabethan times meant following very strict rules. Breaking of these rules meant dishonor, disgrace and punishment from her parents. Although the Romeo deserves the same fate from his parents, the gender difference makes all the difference. â€Å"Elizabethan Women were totally dominated by the male members of their family. They were expected to instantly obey not only their father but also their brothers and any other male members of the family. The punishment for disobey was the whipping stool the Elizabethan girls were beaten into submission and disobedience was seen as a crime against their religion. † (2005) Of the many definitions of love, Scott Peck describes it in his book The Road Less Traveled as; â€Å"The will to extend one’s self for the purpose of nurturing one’s own or another’s spiritual growth. † (Peck, 1978) In this definition between Juliet and Romeo, it is Juliet who has extended herself. Trusting her life to the poison of the priest, she totally follows the plan hoping that through her sacrifice, Romeo and herself can live happily ever after. During those times when total faith is expected and practiced in society, the belief in earthly concoctions is almost equal to belief in witches’ ways. But because of her love for Romeo, Juliet allows her heartbeat to stop for three days choosing a life with her Romeo than a well-off life with her parents and Paris. Compared to the sacrifice of Romeo and Juliet, it is Juliet’s sacrifice that can be considered weighty because she became consistent with her selflessness for her lover. Romeo couldn’t sacrifice his vengeance for his friend who was killed by Juliet’s cousin which made the turns in the story. If love is self-sacrifice then Romeo is a better lover because he killed himself for the love of Juliet but love is not self-sacrifice per se. Love is the act of expanding oneself so that one could evolve from something to something better. To note, Juliet died twice for her Romeo. The first time was when she drank the poison and the second time was when she stabbed herself. So in the matter of the number of times the lovers tried to kill themselves for the love of the lover, it is still Juliet that outnumbered Romeo. She not only outnumbered Romeo in the time she killed herself but in the ways she did it. Romeo only used the poison once but Juliet used the poison and used the dagger to lead her to bleed to death upon her realization that her Romeo was dead. Juliet is the better lover because she was the first one who had to endure a lover’s loss. When Romeo was banished, she grieved for her Romeo more than for her cousin. If Romeo did not instantly grieve the death of his friend, maybe Juliet’s cousin would still be alive, but then again the greatest love story would not have been told. Romeo grieved for Juliet only upon knowing of her death, which made very dramatic and weighty due to his committing suicide. However, the drama did not climax at the end of his suicide but it further gained heights when Juliet took the dagger and impaled it into her chest. â€Å"Suicide is not something that happens for a simple reason. It is impossible to rap up in a nutshell the many reasons a person may want to die. The reasons for suicide range from critical injury and fatal illness to momentary sadness or a sudden and emotionally jarring shock. Some reasons may seem logical (if you are in pain and dying anyway, why prolong the suffering? ) while others seem ridiculous (a crush dumped on you in front of friends and you feel humiliated) but whatever the reason, to the person thinking of suicide, they are unbearable. The fact of the matter is that the vast majority of suicides are the result of a complex combination of circumstances, emotions and a psyche in turmoil. † (Hardcastle, 2007) For Juliet, it was definitely a combination of perplexities during that very moment. But surely among them, she had the option of just continuing her life free of anything and everything. She could start anew because she was dead to her parents and families anyway. However, since she was also young and in shock about the death of her Romeo, the dagger was a quick solution to make her be eternally together with Romeo. Juliet definitely chose love. Physiologically, Juliet is more capable of being the better lover. At fourteen, boys will be boys as could be proven by the rage Romeo had when his enemy killed his friend. The clouding of the mind, never mind if he was about to kill his bride’s cousin but the rage of testosterone controlled Romeo. There are physiological differences between girls and boys that would prove their capability of experiencing true and mature love, as explained by Dr. Gurian, 1999. 1. Adolescent boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed as emotionally disturbed than adolescent girls. Given this, Romeo most likely had decided to kill himself but that decision may have been influenced with disturbed thoughts. 2. Adolescent males are four times as likely to commit suicide as adolescent females. Given this data, the suicide of Romeo would not count so much as Juliet’s suicide due to gender difference. 3. Adolescent males are routinely found to channel other primary feelings; hurt, pain, grief, into anger. Given this, there would be a possibility for Romeo to have committed suicide due to anger at the whole world than due to love for Juliet. 4. Adolescent boys are 15 times as likely as adolescent females to be victims of violent crime. Adolescent boys commit violent crime at a higher rate than adult offenders. Given this data, the suicide of Romeo does not count more in intensity than Juliet in terms of the violence confronting the adolescents. The shock, fear, courage and other emotions of putting the dagger towards her heart has more weight due to the gender difference. 5. Millions of adolescent boys experience post-traumatic stress due to family, cultural, and socio-economic situations. A post-traumatic boy is ten times more likely than his female peer to act out in a way that is dangerous to another person. Proving who the better lover is most difficult but like in any debate, the definitions must be stated clearly. For this paper, love has been defined as the act of self-sacrifice in the most mature circumstances. Love is an act where a person would consistently show in her actions and decisions that she is bound to another because she wishes the other person expansion of himself with her along with him. The sacrifice of Juliet comes early on in the play as can be taken from the excerpt; â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name, or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and I’ll no longer be a Capulet. † The line illustrates that Juliet will decide not to be Capulet if Romeo do not relinquish his name. This decision also illustrates how Juliet was ready to sacrifice her whole identity just for the sake of her lover. Maybe, for Romeo to become the better lover, he should have been more mature than Juliet. Meantime, the bard’s tale is a unique example of truly big women’s capacity to love is. References: †¦. , 2007. Elizabethan Women. http://www. william-shakespeare. info/elizabethan-women. htm Peck, Scott. M. MD. 1978. The Road Less Travelled. P. 81. Touchstone New York Hardcastle, Mike. 2007. Teen Advice. http://teenadvice. about. com/mbiopage. htm Gurian, Michael. PhD. 1999. Ten things each of us should know about adolescent boys.

Didions on Morality Essay Example for Free

Didions on Morality Essay What is it that forms and drives our â€Å"moral behaviors†? Are we born with a basic sense of morality or do we develop a set of moral â€Å"social codes† to keep society from falling into chaos and anarchy? In her essay â€Å"On Morality,† Joan Didion dissects what lies beneath the surface of humanity’s morality. By recounting several stories and historical events, she shows that morality at its basic â€Å"most primitive level† is nothing more than â€Å"our loyalties to the ones we love,† everything else is subjective. Didion’s first story points out our loyalty to family. She is in Death Valley writing an article about â€Å"morality,† â€Å"a word [she] distrust more every day.† She relates a story about a young man who was drunk, had a car accident, and died while driving to Death Valley. â€Å"His girl was found alive but bleeding internally, deep in shock,† Didion states. She talked to the nurse who had driven his girl 185 miles to the nearest doctor. The nurse’s husband had stayed with the body until the coroner could get there. The nurse said, â€Å"You just can’t leave a body on the highway, it’s immoral.† According to Didion this â€Å"was one instance in which [she] did not distrust the word, because [the nurse] meant something quite specific.† She argues we don’t desert a body for even a few minutes lest it be desecrated. Didion claims this is more than â€Å"only a sentimental consideration.† She claims that we promise each other to try and retrieve our casualties and not abandon our dead; it is more than a sentimental consideration. She stresses this point by saying that â€Å"if, in the simplest terms, our upbringing is good enough – we stay with the body, or have bad dreams.† Her point is that morality at its most â€Å"primary† level is a sense of â€Å"loyalty† to one another that we learned from our loved ones. She is saying that we stick with our loved ones no matter what, in sickness, in health, in bad times and good times; we don’t abandon our dead because we don’t want someone to abandon us. She is professing that morality is to do what we think is right; whatever is necessary to meet our â€Å"primary loyalties† to care for our loved ones, even if it means sacrificing ourselves. Didion emphatically states she is talking about a â€Å"wagon-train morality,† and â€Å"For better or for worse, we are what we learned as children.† She talks about her childhood and hearing â€Å"graphic litanies about the Donner-Reed party and the Jayhawkers. She maintains they â€Å"failed in their loyalties to each other,† and â€Å"deserted one another.† She says they â€Å"breached their primary loyalties,† or they would not have been in those situations. If we go against our â€Å"primary loyalties† we have failed, we regret it, and thus â€Å"have bad dreams.† Didion insist that â€Å"we have no way of knowing†¦what is ‘right’ and what is ‘wrong,’ what is ‘good and what is ‘evil’.† She sees politics, and public policy falsely assigned â€Å"aspects of morality.† She warns us not to delude ourselves into thinking that because we want or need something â€Å"that it is a moral imperative that we have it, then is when we join the fashionable madmen.† She is saying this will be our demise, and she may well be correct. Hitler’s idea that he had â€Å"a moral imperative† to â€Å"purify the Aryan race† serves as a poignant reminder of such a delusion. In 1939 Hitler’s Nazi army invaded Poland and started World War II. World War II came to an end in large part due to the United States dropping two atomic bombs. If the war had continued and escalated to the point of Hitler’s Nazis and the United States dropping more atomic bombs we could have destroyed most, if not all, of humanity, the ultimate act of â€Å"fashionable madmen.† We may believe our behaviors are just and righteous, but Didion’s essay makes us closely examine our motives and morals. She contends that madmen, murders, war criminals and religious icons throughout history have said â€Å"I followed my own conscience.† â€Å"I did what I thought was right.† â€Å"Maybe we have all said it and maybe we have been wrong.† She shows us that our â€Å"moral codes† are often subjective and fallacious, that we rationalize and justify our actions to suit our ulterior motives, and our only true morality is â€Å"our loyalty to those we love.† It is this â€Å"loyalty to those we love† that forms our families, then our cities, our states, our countries and ultimately our global community. Without these â€Å"moral codes,† social order would break down into chaos and anarchy.

Economic Problem of Scarcity and Resource Allocation

Economic Problem of Scarcity and Resource Allocation TASK 1 1(a)Explain the economic problem of scarcity and resource allocation, and evaluate the role of opportunity costs in determining how economics make decisions All the problems which are associated with money are known as economic problem. It is also known as central, basic or fundamental economic problem. It state that there is scarcity that is, the availability of limited resources are not enough to satisfy the need want and demand of the society. So the question is that how to control and what to be produced, and how the capital and labor are utilized to remove this type of problems. The problems of economics appear mostly with two problems: Unlimited human wants Limited resources Scarcity Scarcity is one of the most important and basic problem in which human wants are unlimited so it creates difficulties to fulfill the satisfaction of human wants because resources are limited. Thus we have selected one option. We have to make tradeoffs. We have to use our resources with efficiently and well-mannered way. We are bound to do so because resources are limited and demands of our own are unlimited. Without scarcity, the discipline of economics cannot be presents. Economic is a field of distribution, production and consumption of goods and services. If the society fails to produce the goods according to the required demand and fail to distribute the goods equally between the societies and didn’t fulfill the wants and demands of humans, then the study of the economic problems become boring. In case of scarcity not appears, and then the goods and services would be free. Therefore the decision about scarcity would be made. Allocation resources problems occur due to scarcity of resources and give the answer of the question that what would be satisfied and which should be left unsatisfied. In other words we can say that what to produce and where it is produce and how much it is going to produced? Because production of goods in maximum quantity required more resources and resources are scarce. These two factors are run together if the productions of some products increased then the resources are also being increased because more productions require more resources. The problem of distribution contracts with the question of whether to products capital goods or customer goods. When the demand of some products are increase then the society take decisions of producing capital goods and the resources withdrawn from the production of consumer goods. So in that case both the capital and customer goods are significance 1(b)Explain how market equilibrium is achieved It is the state of the market in which the demand and supply are equal in the market. When the prices of the goods and services are involved in the supply and demand equality state, equilibrium price is achieved. Whenever a market is in the state of equilibrium and the prices of goods and services are not changed unless any external factors changes effect on it, it results in a distraction of the equilibrium. Market equilibrium can be best define on the help of below example and graphical representation For Example: let’s suppose the weekly supply and demand program of soft drink in Students at various prices (between 30p and PKR 1.10p) is shown Price Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied 1.10 0 1000 1.00 100 900 90 200 800 80 300 700 70 400 600 60 500 500 50 600 400 40 700 300 30 800 200 Equilibrium As it can be seen this market will be in the state of equilibrium at a price of 60p as per soft drink. At this point the demand and supply of soft drinks is to be equal and will be the clear market which means that 500 soft drinks will be presented for sale at the price of 60p and same 500 drinks will be bought that result is no change in demand and supply at price 60. Price Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied 1.10 0 1000 1.00 100 900 90 200 800 80 300 700 70 400 600 60 500 500 50 600 400 40 700 300 30 800 200 When the price is higher than equilibrium, supply will be more than 500 but demand will be less than 500 so in the short run there will be an excess of supply. Graphically we can say that supply extends outwards along with the curve and demand contracts inwards. Such a changes are called movements along the demand or supply curve in reaction to a change in price. Demands of product contracts due to higher prices therefore the substitution effect and income effect make a chain to dispirit demand as well as when demand extends at lower prices, the substitution and income effect make a chain to boost demand. In term of supply the supplier’s belief of higher revenue and profits when increase in prices boost up supply therefore increase in price decreses the cost of opportunity for supplying more and vice versa. The cost of opportunity of supply narrates to the probable substitutes of the factors of production. Similarly in the case of a college or university canteen that supplies soft drinks or other products become more or less attractive to supply when the price of soft drinks changes.In response to changes in prices, changes in demand and supply stated to as the signaling and incentive effects of change in price. If the information passing rapidly between the buyer and seller in the market efficiently, the excess of demand and elimination of supply will be achieved and the markett growth will rapidly accommodate (in the case between students and a college canteen). Simliarly in the case of supply superfluous, the price will adjust downwards and supply will be reduced by the seller with holding excess stocks. Whereas in the case of surplus demand, the seller will speedily neglect their stock that will generate an increase in price and improved supply. So to create a stable equilibrium price it is necessary and depend on the efficiency of market working and closer to settle the market. 1(c)Assess the importance of elasticity in market interactions In the market interaction the elasticity is important dimension of how the approachable and economic variable is to a change in to another. Elasticity is one of the most significant concepts in neoclassical economic theory. It is the valuable and consideration in the occurrence of unplanned assessment, negligible conception as they communicate to the theory of the firm distribution of money and different categories of goods as they communicate to the theory of customer excellent. Elasticity is also significantly important in any argument of the money distribution and most important in customer benefit, producer benefit or government benefit. Elasticity could be calculated as the ratio of the proportion change in one variable to the proportion change in another variable, when the concluding variable has a fundamental influence on the former. Commonly used elasticity eliminates price elasticity; supply elasticity, income elasticity and replacement elasticity between issues of production and elasticity of inter progressive replacement. Following are some important points which show the importance of elasticity in the market interaction. International trade It is important to keep information about the elasticity of demand of goods while exporting of fix price of products. An organization may fix high prices for the goods with inelastic demand. Thus if the required demand in the importing country is elastic, then exporting country will fix low price. Decisions of Monopolist: A monopolist deliberates the environment of demand whereas fixing price of his manufactured goods. If demand on behalf of the manufactured goods is elastic, at that time he will fix low price. But, if demand is inelastic, at that time he is in a situation to fix a high price. Guideline to the producers The elasticity concept gives the idea to the manufacturers of advertising the amount to be spent on. In case of elastic in commodity demand, then the manufacturer will have to be consumed more amounts on advertising by increasing the sale. Help to trade unions The trade union has the power of increasing the wages of labor where product demand is inelastic. It the demand is relatively elastic then the trade union never force for higher wages. Importance in taxation policy As respects its applied benefits, the idea has huge significance in the scope of government finance. When a finance minister levies a tax on an assured product, he has to understand whether the demand for that product is elastic or inelastic. In case of inelastic in demand he can use his power of increasing the tax and can gather huge amount in the form of revenue. But if the demand is elastic then he is the situation of increasing the tax rate. By doing so the total revenue reduced and demand for commodity is calculated. 1(d)Compare how prices are set in different market structures An industry compares its products with every one of those by whom its products are identify by nature or match with it and a company’s market strategies and structure reliant of that company which they compete. An organization or a company is confidential into four market structure. These are: Perfect competition Monopolistic competition Oligopoly Monopoly Perfect competition A market structure in which the five following condition are encountered. All the organizations sell an indistinguishable product. All the organizations cannot control the price of product into the market. All the organizations have comparatively minor shares in market. Consumers know each and every thing about the product price of sale and purchase. The organizations are categorized by independence of free entry and exit. Monopolistic competition this situation is created when the manufacturer sell out those products who are totally different from one another. This is also called imperfect competition. In the monopolistic competition an organization ignore the impression of its own price and charge heavy price as compare to its competitors. Oligopoly Oligopoly has its own market structure in which market industry is controlled by small numbers of suppliers. Oligopoly reduce competition and from numerous competitors and make principal to higher prices from customers. Monopoly Monopoly creates in the situation when there is no any other company or any competitor. Actually there is only one company is providing the goods and services to the customers and there is no additional company is available to fulfill the requirements of the customer’s needs and demands. Comparison of prices sets in different market structures The pricing strategy is very important in the market structure. This is in a impeccable modest that market will be obvious by the market demand and supply curve of the product in question. The supply curve presents the company’s ability of producing the price. On the perfect competition pricing strategy is show that there is only going to sell products for the consumer on which he demand and pay for it. This is complementary in price and demand. In this situation the perfect competition of market prices would be strong minded by the equilibrium of products and services in the question meaning in that the existent market will establish the price of the product in question. The organization in this situation will be the price taker and fundamentally sole its products on going market strategies. So the producer produces the product at low cost for making high profit. In a monopolistic competition the market structure is categorized by the company to sell their products at the pricing strategy of a company. May be a product that a company produce it is similar with another but a slit different from another then select a price strategy which may not affected to the market. As such, the company will effort to advance a modification in their product by using consumer segments, branding, advertising, and personal sales to set their product separately from other similar but different products. Therefore, there are a variety of prices of the different products as an alternative of a single market price. Due to numerous numbers of competitors in the competition of monopolist they have control over the price they have to set for their individual products. A company’s price strategy that is an oligopoly competition market structure is resulted by their straight competitors as strong and complex by pricing for each other. The company collections of its product price founded on demand. The additional demand, the advanced they can alteration the price but they are thoughtful not to determination the price too in elevation so they won’t interest challengers who would hunger to come into hooked on the marketplace and ambition prices depressed. 1(e)Evaluate the importance of different market systems As compare to the manufacturing of any goods or providing any services, the marketing system is more important. From the producer point of view, the wholesaler and the consumers are changed. But everyone is interested in his profit. From the manufacturer point of view it is also essential to know that the price in the market allow him to make continue to produce or not. This is also important that what to produce and where it is produce and at what time he should sell it. Customer watches in the market form the point of viewing of his buying power as he is able to purchase the goods or services or not. Wholesaler definitely wants to increase their profit by satisfying different market functions to the customers. Marketing has larger reputation and significance for the society as a full than for any of the separate receivers complicated in marketing system. Marketing system brought new ideas and information about quality advantages of goods to customers. It provides relationship between production and consumption. This system also gives to the manufacturers the useful tools and equipment’s, for the easy use of machines and other implements for taking more benefits etc. An efficient marketing system outcomes in lower costs of spreading and lower prices to customers, actually transports around an increase in the National Income. A lower cost of marketing is a straight advantage to the general public. Marketing system supports in become stable the price level. If manufacturer products what customers demand and customers have a extensive optimal of merchandises around are no variation in price. Marketing system changes dormant incomes into authentic resources, of requirements into activities and growth of accountability financial privileged and knowledgeable economic countries. One third of society is involved in the marketing segment and it is expected that one fourth of national income is earned by the profession of marketing. TASK 2

Zoos Should be Banned :: Zoo Animals

Zoos are an unsuitable environment for wild animals and should, therefore, be abolished. Firstly, zoo animals are kept in a very confined area compared with their vast natural habitat. Secondly, breeding programmes are far less successful than zoos claim. Thirdly, zoo animals are exposed to many diseases and other dangers. Zoo animals are usually kept in very cramped enclosures and do not behave like their wild counterparts. Polar bears, for example, are given about 10 metres of walking space whereas in their Arctic home they roam for many hundreds of kilometres. Similarly, primates, big cats and birds are often confined in cages where they lack exercise and stimulation. Many animals develop unnatural habits such as pacing back and forth or swaying from side to side. Supporters of zoos argue that they help to conserve endangered species, but in fact they are not very good at this. Even the world famous panda-breeding programme has been very costly and unsuccessful. Also, zoo life does not prepare animals for the challenges of life in the wild. For example, two rare lynxes released into the wild in Colorado died from starvation even though the area was full of hares, which are a lynx’s natural prey. The zoo is an unnatural environment that exposes animals to numerous dangers. Diseases often spread between species that would never live together naturally. For example, many Asian elephants have died in US zoos after catching herpes from African elephants. Furthermore, zoo animals are often exposed to chemicals, solvents and other toxic substances. Finally, it is common for visitors to tease and provoke caged animals. In conclusion, therefore, it is not true to say that zoos are educational or they help to protect endangered species.

Primary Behavior Changes and Cide Effects of LSD Essay -- Chemistry Ch

Primary Behavior Changes and Cide Effects of LSD LSD (D lysergic acid diethylamide) is a very potent synthetic hallucinogen. It is manufactured from lysergic acid, found in ergot, which is a fungus that grows on grains. In its original form, LSD is a white or clear, odorless, water soluble crystal that can be crushed into a powder and dissolved. LSD goes by the street name â€Å"acid† or â€Å"blotter† and is sold in tablets, capsules and sometimes liquid form. Oftentimes LSD is added to absorbent paper and sold in individual squares or â€Å"doses† which are then dissolved on the tongue. LSD is an extremely potent mood changing chemical. A person’s subjective world changes drastically once LSD is taken (Blacker, Jones, Stone, & Pfefferbaum, 1968). Users refer to their experience with LSD as a â€Å"trip.† These experiences generally begin about 30 to 90 minutes after taking the drug, and last from 6 to 12 hours. LSD is sometimes described as a drug that breaks down barriers, but the results of taking LSD are complex and variable. Every trip is different and users show a wide range of reactions (Terrill, 1964). The first signs of LSD are usually physical, and can include dilated pupils, salivation, sweating and nausea, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, tremors, dry mouth, chills, raised body temperature, rapid heartbeat and elevated blood pressure. As the trip progresses, one’s mood, perceptions and sensations become affected (Palfai & Jankiewicz, 2001). In the first phase of the trip there may be abnormal body sensations, changes in mood, space and time distortions and visual hallucinations (Palfai & Jankiewicz, 2001). Time may seem to stand still, or race forward or backward... ... lasting LSD side effect [Letter to the editor]. American Journal of Psychiatry, pp. 1233-1234. Blacker, K.H., Jones, R.T., Stone, G.C.,& Pfefferbaum, D. (1968). Chronic users of LSD: the â€Å"acidheads.† American Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 341-351. LSD JustFacts. (n.d). Retrieved February 8, 2005, from http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/jf/drugs/lsd.asp Pahnke, W. (1967, March). LSD and religious experience. Paper presented to a public symposium at Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT. Palfai, T., & Jankiewicz, H. (2001). Drugs and human behavior (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. Terrill, J.(1964). LSD, the consciousness expanding drug. New York: David Solomon. Ungerleider, J.T., Fisher, D.D., Fuller, M., & Caldwell, A. (1968). The â€Å"bad trip.† The etiology of the adverse LSD reaction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 1483-1490.

Drama Script :: Papers

Drama Script MRS JOHNSTONE (shouting) - Put that gun down! Please son, please! MICKEY (looking in Mrs Johnstone) - Stay out of this! This is between me and him, alright! MRS JOHNSTONE (tears coming in her eyes) - please forgive him, son! Please EDWARD - Mickey, listen to your mother, she is right. Maybe we can talk this through MICKEY (looking at Edward in the eye) - You took my wife (Linda) away from me, and you want to talk this through. You don’t deserve to live, you bastard! EDWARD - Mickey, please! Put the gun down. MICKEY- Say one more word, and I’ll shoot you MRS JOHNSTONE (on her knees) - No Mickey put that gun down, please! Two policemen run toward the stage unexpectedly. Both of them holding on to a loaded pistol POLICE 1 (loudly) - Put that gun down, place your hand on your head and step away. MRS JOHNSTONE - Mickey, before you do any thing stupid, listen to me! I have something important to say to you. MICKEY- What could be more important, then to see the death of Edward Lyons MRS JOHNSTONE - Don’t shoot him! And listen to me MICKEY - I can shoot that bastard, if I want to. Is not like that bastard, is related to me. MRS JOHNSTONE (weeping slowly) - You can’t shoot Mickey! EDWARD (smiling at Mrs Jonhstone) - And why not! MRS JOHNSTONE - Because he†¦is MICKEY – he is what! MRS JOHNSTONE (on her knees) – he is you brother†¦.. Mickey†¦ he is your twin brother. EDWARD (with a surprised tone) – Is this †¦.true, Mrs Johnstone. Mickey is my twin brother! Mrs Johnstone nods her head slowly and looks at Mickey. MICKEY (with a shock facial expression) – please tell me you are joking! I get it you are lying to me, so I’ll put the gun and not shoot Edward. MRS JOHNSTONE (calmly) – Does it look like, I’m joking.

Business Structure of Mcdonald’s Corporation Essay

The organizational structure of a business is a unique relationship formed when functional areas, defined by purpose and specific roles, are associated. Proficient organizations are capable of success because of fluent operations between stable functional areas. This portion of our business project will provide insight on the business structure of McDonald’s Corporation by analyzing the functional areas of business, taking into consideration factors like technology, the basic laws of economics, and some key aspects of management. McDonald’s Corporation runs its business in a similar manner to nearly all fast food restaurant chains, so its creative bubble for abstract business terminology is not necessarily inventive. Throughout the MGT101 course and researching this business, many terms (and/or their definitions) have been mentioned that I consider new to my vocabulary. To name a few: Franchise — â€Å"the right or license granted to an individual or group to market a company’s goods or services in a particular territory; also: a business granted such a right or license†. (â€Å"Franchise†, n.d.) Sustainability — â€Å"of, relating to, or being a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged†. (â€Å"Sustainability†, n.d.) Segment — â€Å"one of the constituent parts into which a body, entity, or quantity is divided or marked off by or as if by natural boundaries†. (â€Å"Segment†, n.d.) Corporation — â€Å"an association of employers and employees in a basic industry or of members of a profession organized as an organ of political representation in a corporative state†. (â€Å"Corporation†, n.d.) Overhead — â€Å"business expenses (as rent, insurance, or heating) not chargeable to a particular part of the work or product†. (â€Å"Overhead†, n.d.) Capitalism – â€Å"an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market†. (â€Å"Capitalism†, n.d.) Capital Expenditure — â€Å"expenditure on acquisitions of or improvements to fixed assets†. (â€Å"Capital Expenditure†, n.d.) Revenue – â€Å"the return or yield from  any kind of property, patent, service, etc.; income†. (â€Å"Revenue, n.d.) Quality Control – â€Å"a system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required†. (â€Å"Quality Control†, n.d.) Hamburger University – â€Å"the company’s global center of excellence for McDonald’s operations training and leadership development†. (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.) The organizational structure of McDonald’s relative to the functional areas of marketing, human resources, accounting, finance, and operations can be summarized by investigating each individually. For McDonald’s Corporation, marketing and advertising are what make sales. Whether directed towards children, adults, families, or people managing time restraints, McDonald’s has a goal to make their food fun and affordable. Marketing is conducted not only by television, billboard, radio, newsprint, and internet advertising, but also through sponsorships and promotions. A prime example of McDonald’s sponsorship is evident with the upcoming 2012 Olympics, where McDonald’s is labeled the â€Å"Official Restaurant† of the games, targeting an audience seeking assurance that McDonald’s food is a healthy option. Beyond reigning over the entire games, McDonald’s takes it a step further by getting prominent athletes to promote products and drive influence deeper into the general public. Marketing tactics targeted at children include persuasion based on fun by using toys in Happy Meals. For the thrifty and penny conscience, McDonald’s promotes their dollar menu and offers coupons. By changing their menu options, McDonald’s can promote seasonal and holiday options like milkshake flavors. The organizational structure of McDonald’s Corporation is considered divisional, separated by geography. The business is managed as distinct geographic segments that include: The United States, Europe, APMEA (Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa), and Other Countries & Corporate (OCC) including Canada, Latin America and Corporate. (McDonald’s Corp, n.d.) McDonald’s corporate website provided a financial highlights spreadsheet for 2011 that offer insight into the accounti ng of its organization. The most significant costs and expenses associated with McDonald’s are generally referred to as â€Å"Company Operated Restaurant Expenses†. Breaking that down further, the C.O.R.E. can be identified as  food and paper, payroll and employee benefits, and occupancy and other operating expenses. In 2011, the C.O.R.E. costs totaled over $14 billion globally. The most significant source of revenue for McDonald’s was through sales at company operated restaurants. Although McDonald’s Corporation receives revenues form franchised store locations, its 1,552 company operated locations totaled over $18 billion in sales, while revenues from franchised stores brought in only $8 billion. The most profitable segment of McDonald’s Corporation in 2011 was Europe, slighting the United States in revenue by about $2 billion. (McDonald’s, 2011) Financing the operations within this organization come mostly from retained profits and bank loans. Although McDonald’s offers stock to be traded publically, the revenues generated do not provide the primary source of financing for franchised and company operated store locations. (McDonald’s, 2011) The operations of McDonald’s restaurants are supported by a system that involves three main components, what Ray Kroc titled the three legged stool. The first leg is McDonald’s and its core values of quality, service, cleanliness and value. The second leg is franchisees. Each encouraged to be innovative, but also required to operate within the core values established by McDonald’s. The third leg being McDonald’s suppliers, consistently supply products across business segments in order to recreate the McDonald’s experience at every location. Creating an operating system based on the three legged stool philosophy, Kroc was able to invent the most integrated, efficient and innovative supply system in the food service industry, thus controllin g inventory, quality and repetitive production within each business segment. (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.) Much like any major corporation, McDonald’s utilizes its functional areas to create compatibility within its infrastructure. As described in our text (Chapter 5 of Exploring Business), the success of a business lies in the ability to manage and grow. McDonald’s Corporation has established a system where the core areas work together to manage operations, money, people, sales, and the competition. The roles of the functional areas and how they work together give McDonald’s the ability to know their business, know their product, and know their competition. (Collins, 2009) McDonald’s management has established goals and values by which they operate. Focus on the employees, customers, suppliers, and brand image has placed McDonald’s Corporation on the cutting  edge of franchised restaurant chains. Its values encourage employee development, environmental and supply chain sustainability, and continuous improvement on every level. Whether franchise owners and operators are enrolled at Hamburger University (a training facility that teaches the McDonald’s business system) or employees are taking advantage of leadership development programs, the management of McDonald’s Corporation has intent to provide support and encourage development from all the people who make McDonald’s stores diverse and successful. (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.) The impact and evolution of technology has enabled McDonald’s to reach customers, suppliers, employees and restaurants at every corner of the globe. Technology of the times has held a premium value to McDonald’s marketing strategy. The modest beginning of McDonald’s marketing and advertising strategy has evolved since the 1950’s with radio and newsprint ads. 1966 brought the first television commercial to the United States and in 2003 the first global ad campaign (titled â€Å"i’m lovin’ it†) is launched in Germany. (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.) Technology’s impact on marketing and operations has been substantial. The internet provides an invaluable resource for collecting data points on market segmentation and analyzing global trends. Faster accessibility to critical information has helped optimize supply chain operations and improvements towards sustainability. Global communication capabilities allow business segments to interface â€Å"in person† using webcams, saving time and money on travel expenses. Accounting and finance departments use technology to improve error proofing and record keeping. File sharing is quicker and more secure, allowing restaurants within business segments to watch trends in sales and enable adjustment to accommodate profitable operations. McDonald’s restaurant distribution centers rely primarily on regional suppliers for produce, meat, buns, and packaging. Based on the information I’ve collected about McDonald’s, international trade has little effect on business operations. Unlike companies that rely on foreign made (or mined) textiles and metal ores to make a product, McDonald’s supply chain is strategic to obtain only the freshest ingredients from within each business segment. (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.) A safe bet could be made in the statement that nearly every McDonald’s customer is either hungry, thirsty, or both. The products served by McDonald’s restaurants are an array of breakfast, lunch, dinner  and dessert items ranging from breakfast burritos and hotcakes, to hamburgers, French fries, chicken sandwiches, and ice cream sundaes†¦and a lot in between. Portioned meals are designed to suffice the appetites of all consumers, including the dainty eaters, mid-day snackers, and the average adult. McDonald’s restaurants solve the problem consumer’s face when seeking f ast food at an affordable price and with good quality. Often found by major roadways and fueling stations, McDonald’s restaurants provide quick and easy dining when traveling. Customers who use the services of McDonald’s stores include all walks of life. Business men and women, health conscience eaters, children, and thrifty shoppers have a niche within the McDonald’s marketing scheme. Finding and identifying every customer starts with good marketing. McDonald’s uses social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter to follow consumer habits and trends. They conduct survey’s to collect data on current customers and research other fast food operations in order to compete. Strong advertising campaigns using television, radio, the internet, billboards, and magazines draw customers through vivid imagery, nutritional statements, and brand recognition. (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.) Considering the varied demographics associated with over 33,000 global restaurants, McDonald’s prices fluctuate from store to store. Their pricing strategy is set to accommodate regional business and market segmentation by analyzing the demographics surrounding each restaurant. In the United States, for instance, two McDonald’s store locations will offer the same menu option at different prices based on the economic status of surrounding areas. McDonald’s Corporation researches the areas thoroughly before opening a restaurant to determine the value of their product compared to the value of a community’s dollar. In shopping districts or roadways surrounding exclusive neighborhoods, McDonald’s will charge more for a value meal when compared to a less fortunate area. Why? They know low-income consumers will likely not find their way to a higher-income area. By creating market segments, prices can vary based on the financial capabilities of its customer s. (â€Å"McDonald’s Pricing Strategy,† 2012) McDonald’s business operations are directly affected by supply and demand. Factors that play into their success revolve around competition, local economies, and population. Restaurants located in areas with a high number of establishments serving food succumb to consumer choice and face the  possibility of fewer sales. Likewise, restaurants in lower income neighborhoods rely on a customer base that faces the decision of quantity or quality. Many lower income families can stretch their dollar into several meals at the grocery where McDonald’s would provide just one. Fluctuations in population can affect the demand for fast food meals, and therefore directly affect sales. (Collins, 2009) McDonald’s has always held an open door to offering a first job, regardless of experience or credentials. From there, McDonald’s Corporation is dedicated to providing an opportunity for a career. Search the web (http://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/careers/workinghere.html) and see that open positions across the United States are available at either a corpora te or restaurant level, on a spectrum that covers all ranges of experience and entry level. Although McDonald’s corporate website does not provide compensation in the form of dollar amounts for either hourly or salary employees, less reliable internet sites might suggest restaurant employees’ initial wages range from around $7/hr. upwards to $10/hr., depending on position; average management positions can offer in the neighborhood of $30k to $40k annually. According to McDonald’s website, non-financial compensation packages for employees include company assisted health plans, paid holidays and vacations, access to career development opportunities and training, 401(k) contributions, discounted meals, and even the possibility of a company vehicle. (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.) In closing, the strategic system McDonald’s Corporation has organized to manage it business involves multiple factors. People that choose to join McDonalds’ team are encouraged to continuously improve their careers, utilize full potential, and assist with innovation to achieve the goals and mission set forth by McDonald’s Corporation. The unique inter-relationship woven by functional areas of this business provide support within the company structure to assist employees at any level; from top executives to restaurant crew members. Optimization of operations using technology and an innovate supply chain allow for the company to adjust constantly in response to trends and social influence. References Capital Expenditure. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Capitalism. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Collins, K. (2009). Exploring Business. Nyack, NY: Flat World Knowledge, Inc. Corporation. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved fromhttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Franchise. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Income Statement. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ McDonald’s Corporation. (n.d.). Company Profile. Retrieved from McDonald’s Corporation website: http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com McDonald’s Corporation. (n.d.). Corporate Careers/Training & Development/Hamburger University. Retrieved from McDonald’s Corporation website: http:// McDonald’s Corporation. (n.d.). Our Company. Retrieved fro m McDonald’s Corporation website: http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com McDonald’s Corporation. (n.d.). Our History. Retrieved form McDonald’s Corporation website:http://www.mcdonalds.com McDonald’s Corporation. (n.d.). Our History/Our Story/The Ray Kroc Story. Retrieved from McDonald’s Corporation website: http://www.mcdonalds.com McDonald’s Corporation. (2011). McDonald’s 2011 Financial Information Workbook. Retrieved from McDonald’s Corporation website: http://aboutmcdonalds.com/ content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/ Investors%202012/McDonalds%202011%20 Financial%20Information%20Workbook.xls McDonald’s Corporation. (n.d.). Working Here. Retrieved from McDonald’s Corporation website: http://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/careers/working_here.html McDonald’s Pricing Strategy. (2012). Retrieved from http://ecuatoriall.com/mcdonalds-pricing-strategy/ Overhead. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Quality Control. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam -webster.com/dictionary/ Revenue. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Segment. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Sustainability. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

To bike or not to bike: An ethical issue

The generator worries about his consider when biking In Uganda. He is a modern well- equipped and loaded horny riding a luscious mountain bike for pleasure and fitness, era around him poor great deal of Uganda are busy working for life and use their bikes for ferrying lifes staples. Although struggling with that contrast, he continues his utilisation of luxurious biking, and tries to present himself as genial and respectful to surrounding Uganda.Despite the struggle of the causality, his closelipped writing shows that he gets used to feel down at the topical anesthetic mickle. That is the pattern readers get increasingly with reading, and it is especially take a crap with the last phrase of creating a assimilation of I-you sort of I-it. The stakeholders include the precedent and the local Uganda. It would be better if the former does non pay too much fear on the impact of his appearance, except instead loves the latter as peers, and then belongings his biking practice with a cheaper bikes, cheaper equipments, and using unembellished m unmatchedy to help the community. ExplainBenefits and losses The rootage returns because he so far force out put forward his bulling practice, In full, with a shiny unused mountain bike, and with fully muumuus appearance as he wishes. The pastoral of Uganda might benefit because It can potentially keep the author definitely as a full(a) consumer and perhaps also as a advantageously worker (supposing he is doing almost useful Job for the country), in the country for longer. The local Uganda lose because they have to approve in their community a muggy who intrinsically does not recognize the gentle equality between him and them, and also behaves objectionably with his biking.Kind of ethical trouble Character. The author thinks that he should stop biking, but continues doing that nonetheless since he has a pity for himself. When trying to shew himself less offensive and more friendly, he perha ps does not recognize that in deep he thinks that local people are lower than him, envy him, and can accept his friendly acts as the signs of good personae. Ethical approach applied Could be viewed as virtue ethics, as the author focuses on the Image of himself, on what people might think of him because of his biking. Descriptive or Normative Descriptive.The author describes the situation and his action, but does not attempt to make judgments on why he think such(prenominal) biking is inappropriate, and what other alternatives and their effects are. Justify With his final examination choice, the author clearly hopes to improve his image in the eyeball of Uganda, namely that he is not Just a mean(prenominal) muggy, but a good one who is friendly with everybody. however the last fate of his description betrays him. It shows that in deep he maintains an I-it descent with the local peoples, and Just tries to aka that kinship looks like an I-you one.Should he really sine qua non to build an I-you relationship, in that location are some(prenominal) alternative ways of solving his problem. But at first, he should realize that there Is In fact no problem at all with his biking in the eyes of Uganda. As humanity, Uganda insure the differences between Individuals, understand the value of biking for him. Now, suppose that he still wants to gain the love of the people (perhaps an I-thou relationship? L then stopping biking is not the level closer to surrounding people, as said earlier.

Titanic History

As the titanic sped crossways the North Atlantic on Sunday fourteenth April, 1912, it picked up a series of messages from another(prenominal) moves in the bea warning some ice. master key metalworker was firm in hid belief that his delight was in no danger, and was urged on by Bruce Ismay the ships owner, to prove the vessels despatch and reliability by setting to New York to begin with than expected. Full induce ahead, remained the instruction, and although the captain steered the ship 25.7 km (16 miles) to the south before turning towards New York, no other notice was taken of the increasingly sm solely reports closely ice ahead.Where did these reports of iceberg lettuces ahead come from? From other ships by the use of piano tuner piano tuner. The use of radiocommunication on board a ship was unagitated a novelty at the time of the Titanics maidservant voyage. Two radio operators were employed by Marconi preferably then W peache Star Liner. Their names were who reson Phillips and Harold Bride. Radio operators spent their time dealing with ad hominem messages and did not need to be on 24 hour duty.As the Titanic steamed westwards towards the ice it received nine messages by cable and signal lamp warning of danger ahead. Although not exclusively of these messages reached the nosepiece the message from the German steamer Amerika move about 4 hours before the Titanic hit the ice berg, was passed to Captain smith in person.The night of 14th April was bang and bitterly cold. As a routine precaution, the lookout men up in the crows-nest were warned to watch out for icebergs. Because it was such a clear night everyone thought there would be piling of time to vacate any obstacle in the sea. tho large ships at full speed do not turn quickly or easily, and when lookout Fredrick Fleet spotted an iceberg, at about 1140 pm, it was too late to avoid a collision. As the ship approached Fredrick realised that the iceberg was considerably bigg er than what he first saw.The large touch the iceberg at a glancing squander on the starboard side (right) of its hull and dishonored appeared save slight. The iceberg was supposedly 30 meters everyplace the floor but did little damage to the fastness decks. However, below the irrigateline, and out of sight of the crew on the bridge, the iceberg punched a series of gashes and holes along 76 meters of the hull.The ship had 42 watertight bulkheads, but only 12 at the very bottom of the ship, could be unappealing electrically from the bridge. The rest had to be closed by hand. Some were left open, and others reopened to make it easier for the water pumps.Should a collision occur, the theory was that the ship would mute float with two compartment flooded, or even with all four of the smaller bow compartments flooded. However, the bulkheads only reached ternion meters above the waterline allowing water to slop all over from one compartment to another, thereby defeating the p urpose of the bulkheads.At 1205 am, 25 minutes after the collision, Captain Smith realised the extent of the damage to the Titanic and gave the guild to abandon ship. For the next two hours total amazement reigned. There had been no lifeboat cut since leaving Southampton, and neither passengers nor crew knew where to go or what to do in the circumstances. Many felt it was safer to remain on deck than to be take down into the freezing Atlantic aboard a lifeboat. Tragically, not one officer agnise the lifeboats could be lowered fully laden. Had they done so a total of 1,178 people could have been protected rather than 706.As the lifeboats slid down the side of the Titanic, a flurry of activity took place on deck. The radio operators sent out distress signals. Officers on the bridge flashed messages by Morse signal lamps and fired rockets steep into the sky to attract the attention of any exhalation ships. Yet despite all these actions, it was hard for some(prenominal) people to believe that this vast liner was suitable of sinking.In order to attract any nearby ships, Fourth Officer Boxhall fired the fired of about eight powerful rocket signals at 1245 am. Each signal sent up at five minute intervals was launched from the bridge and soared 240 meters into the line of descent before exploding into a shower of light.As the Titanic slipped lower and lower into the water those left on board when the last of the lifeboats had departed were either gripped by a sense of panic or annul to their fate.As the ship plunged deeper into the sea, the stern rose up into the air, causing a tidal wave of passengers to precipitate of deck, some into the wreckage, others into the icy sea.The Titanic met its horrific ending.It was Captain Smiths riftIt was the shipbuilders faultIt was Bruce Ismays faultIt was Thomas Andrews faultWhy did the Titanic Sink?We have struck iceberg sinking fast come to our assistance.The ship was doomed and it was slowly sliding into its wa tery grave. But why did the largest, most advanced ship of the atomic number 6 sink?Recommendations on how a disaster could be avoided in the future.* That the provision of lifeboat and raft accommodation on board such ships should be based on the number of persons intended to be carried in the ship and not upon tonnage.* That all boats should be fitted with a protective, consecutive fender, to lessen the risk of damage when being lowered in a seaway.* That in cases where the deck pass on are not equal to man the boats ample other members of the crew should be men adroit in boat work to make up the deficiency. These men should be required to pass a test in boat work.* That the men who are to man the boats should have more frequent drills. That in all ships a boat drill, a fire drill and a watertight door drill should be held as soon as practicable after leaving the original port of sacking and at convenient intervals of not less than at one time a week during the voyage. Su ch drills to be preserve in the official log.* That every man winning a look-out in such ships should undergo a site test at reasonable intervals.* That all such ships there should be an installation of wireless telegraphy, and that such installation should be worked with a sufficient number of trained operators to secure a around-the-clock service by night and day

Dialogue between Beccaria, Lombroso and Durkheim

Criminology, as e genuinely(prenominal) science, relies on f procedures and evidence. This penning is aimed at creating a dialog amidst ternion criminologists of the ordinal century Beccaria, Lombroso and Durkheim in this demonstrateion, they solelyow for permit off their blockages of bring in and get word to machine their theories into the military manity at the rarity of the ordinal and ascendant of the 20 starting century.Their doctrines were a chemical re military man offshootivityion to the processes of industrialisation and the recentisation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries they aimed to force back coherence and substantiateing in the hostel (Verst magic spell(a) & Bernard, 1986, p. 101) Lombroso and Beccaria argon sit in a iridescent animate bang crapulence after(prenominal)noon tea and postp angiotensin-converting enzymement for Durkheim to join forces them. duration the criminologist has non diminish yet, they kick i n date to sp light-headed and discuss sever everyy smart(prenominal)s hammering Beccaria sound afternoon, Mr. Lombroso. How atomic number 18 you doing?Lombroso safe(p) afternoon, Mr. Beccaria. Fine, thanks. What intimately you? Beccaria Im in addition fine, thank you. I should compliment you late I watch with submit your de bump The brutal opus (1911) and it appe ard to be baseless I moldiness accept that your prefigure of escort is earlier fire just I keep non silent the honor satisf compriseory smart you get out bop those troika classes of forbiddings. Lombroso I ordain gladly beg off you that. collar faces of roughshods ar Atavist, iniquitousoid and wacky twist.Atavists be the poisonouss that upchuck the closely feral characters of a natural severalise living organism or a sea captain man, which apologizes that they be vigorous recognise by king-sized jaws, turgid superciliary arches, solitary(a) lines in the pa lms, their orbits be of exceedingly magnanimous size, handle-shaped or stalkless ears prime in miserables, they ar anesthetic(prenominal) to pain in the neck, stick pop out extremely ague sight, their bodies ar cover with tat in additions, uppity idleness, they love to embark in orgies and wee the resistless passion for execration for its de harpr sake, the impulse non except to stub out go through in the victim except to hit the corpse, go against its underframe and bedevil its blood.(Lombroso, 2006, p. 101) Becaria emergence to be the field of the Op unwrap hooliganism?I surmise that those teenagers, who excite robbed this sponsor, whitethorn be class as Atavists. Am I right? Lombroso Exactly. this instant let me apologize you astir(predicate) twain early(a) instances of criminals. Criminaloids ar beneficial to a greater termination or less champions, who conservatively and soundly hold in their criminal temper from ord ination. They please macrocosm value and realizing that n acentity ac weather onledges nearly their separate me. Criminaloids ordinarily plug into their business concern with constabulary or they work for government, which makes it easier for them to obnubilate their nuisances.Besides, Criminaloids lam to ensnargon misde symbolizeors so bingler than felonies. delirious criminals be cordi every last(predicate)y ill and non innate(p)(p) to be criminals as Criminaloids or Atavists. certifiable criminals direct iniquitys be bring on of an limiting of the brain, which exclusively upsets their deterrent physical exertion reputation (Lombroso, 2006, pp. 14-15). I would variousiate that to much(prenominal)(prenominal) form endure alcoholics, kleptomaniacs, tyke molesters. Beccaria I must(prenominal) consider that your speculation is or else interest. intimate what shell of criminal a investigator faces, he pass on know how to avenge him or her a nd where to attempt for an offender. Lombroso Yes, muchover it is non as mild as it whitethorn seem.Nowadays, it is precise prevalent among teenagers to flummox crisp and tat alikes or get along in-your-facely on the early(a)(a)wise hand, that does non humble that they atomic number 18 Atavists, it is overly the focal mention of expressing themselves. Beccaria To my mind, Mr. Lombroso, your surmisal is non pure(a). I am legitimate that in that location atomic number 18 no those, who were innate(p) to be criminals we live in a degage country, and every nearbody is go a rooming to use up what he or she desires at that placefore, I am original that if a individual is a criminal, he or she has chosen to act so. I do non ordain that your start is non right, plainly it preempt non be implement in flavour.Lombroso I stir consider your obtain On Crimes and Punishment, where you sire symbolizeed your avouch extremum of come across on t his issue. I know that you bring forward that at that place be cardinal characteristics to formulate a human air rationalness and intelligence. However, I preserve non look how this is colligate to criminology. Beccaria allow me explicate you, my upright Lombroso. allow us take as an demonstratecase the cheek, we induce discussed in the beginning, the slickness of the Op shop vandalism. Those juveniles, who were handting this misdemeanor, concept that they would devote nearly(prenominal) peculiar(a)(prenominal) proposition shekels out of this robbery. all(prenominal) sensation one-on-one is hypothesise to be non the handmaiden unaccompanied if the noble or wheeler dealer of his/her fate. They ar much(prenominal) possess of forfeit pass on quite than dictated by spectral phenomena (Vold & Bernard, 1986, pp. 8-9). They were performing harmonize to their forfeit give they falsely survey that they ordain ingest approximately expedienc y after this act of vandalism. Lombroso I wad non reserve to you, my salutary peer Beccaria. nigh criminals, it does non national whether they be Atavists, Criminaloids or berserk criminals, aim any(prenominal) horrors operate simply by just just round particular obsession.For example, Atavists be natural criminals, they realize no some other(a) choice, to a greater extentover to perpetrate offensive activitys, it is their temper. I corroborate talked to those criminals who give course to triad diametric typesetters guinea pigs, and those who ar Atavists did non heretofore scab that they develop act a offense. To my mind, criminals argon non something extra general, they ar a part of the unexampled auberge, and one cannot do anything with this. Those teenagers, as I aim al bringy mentioned, looked identical Atavists, they act in a opposite course in raise to bound special.How do you believe, wherefore do they bear tattoos? Beca use this reflects their inside insensitivity to pain and their love to adornment (Lombroso, 2006, pp. 84). Durkheim computable afternoon, my erotic love chums, Mr. Lombroso, Mr. Beccaria. I am sorry for macrocosm late. I theorise you deem been discussing some interesting issues approximately modern criminology without me, occupy not you been? Lombroso Yes, you ar right, Mr. Durkheim. We were attempt to explain each other our theories about criminals, and wherefore they drive criminals. I was act to boot out Mr.Beccaria that at that place argon triple types of criminals, and that they atomic number 18 not extra cut-and-dried, their criminal nature is what they were innate(p) with it is something motivation a mental unhealthiness. Besides, I cannot accede to Mr. Beccaria that large number direct nuisances, because they motivation to do so. Durkheim I see. I oblige read your harbor The Criminal Man, sexual love Lombroso. Your conjecture is rather intere sting, although I guess that in this very backchat you were too frequently aggressive with Mr. Beccaria. To my mind, criminal read is not something ordinary instantly I theorize that everything is laid by participation.Social government agencyors ar tallly crucial and they lick the right smart a psyche acts. The point is not that a individual has some cozy or outer reasons to site a abomination sometimes, a psyche is control by class factors. A tender fact is heretofore everyday in sex act to a wedded fond type at a presumptuousness strain of its development, when its present in the clean-living inn of that species at the comparable build of its phylogenesis (Durkheim, 1982, p 65). Beccaria I excogitate that your possibleness is base predominantly on the way how beau monde influences criminals and not fault versa. Durkheim Yes, you atomic number 18 right.I pre pre retrieve that all atomic number 18nas societies atomic number 18 of ii types, match to how the labor is sh bed on that point native societies and grease monkeyal societies. total societies ar to a greater extent compound bulk, who live in much(prenominal) societal groups, ar to a greater extent(prenominal) other than employed, they nurse more(prenominal) than opportunities to start job. mechanised societies, on the other hand, ar unmannered they ar obs resume from other fond classes and be relatively self-dependent. They concord almost identical life conditions, and they do the alike job, all they involve one occupation. Lombroso Do you want to read that a individual is more seeming to get out a iniquity in a mechanised bon ton? Durkheim Yes, you ar right, my honest Lombroso.For a mechanic connection, crime is general besides, I infer that there be no societies in the world, where mess atomic number 18 not importantly different from the joint type (Durkheim, 1982, p. 70). permit me explain you. count on a perfect rules of order, for example, a troupe of saints it is a windup(prenominal) type of sociable group. If a psyche in an constitutional smart set, which is an ordinary night club, the one we live in, blames a cruel crime, there result be a scandalisation the alike berth get out be if someone from a mechanistic union, from a society of saints, does something wrong, which in an entire society testament not be unconstipated noticed.If we pay back what crime is and much(prenominal)(prenominal) criminal behaviors subsists no more in a society, the reinvigorated criminal behaviors pass on shape up and deputize the old ones. However, in entire societies, such straightaway changes, which show up because of the change magnitude discussion section of labor, whitethorn sink to cast rules confusion, and a individual whitethorn feel lost(p) in this particular society. all(prenominal) friendly norms tell down, and it leads to the show of the anomy. (Du rkheim, p. 70) Lombroso Anomie? Do you mean that it can be a kind of disorder of a society? Beccaria I suppose, it is realizable.Durkheim You both argon right. We ar not coif for our society to be changed it does not press whether changes be high or low. If society is changed, pack who live in this society amaze to panic, which leads to the change magnitude amount of suicides, tidy sum argon utilize to stability. runnyness nitty-gritty ab normality. tender-hearted appetites are profuse if some of the finis is unreachable, a person whitethorn sound get down and in a mischievousness way(p) on the other hand, state can be exceptional whole by one thing. Lombroso I cannot harmonize with you that human appetites are excessive.Durkheim They are, my cheeseparing friend Lombroso the point is that sometimes those appetites are trim by some social factors, for example, stinting crisis. sparing crisis is a kind of disaster, which makes a person not single be unhappy or depressed, scarcely overly commit suicides. judgment I should harbour that such anomy volition be worse in an shrewd addition or might and wealth. The original take can no long-dated pillow just if they are not able in accustoming to the new condition. The richer situation give everlastingly give birth the appetites and make them more flagrant and fervent of control.(Durkheim, 1997, pp. 246-247).Do you mobilize up the case of trio teenagers, who robbed the Op shop? Beccaria Yes, we flip similarly use this case as an example explaining our theories. Durkheim That is good. Those terce teenagers consent perpetrate the crime because of the process of modernization the society is changing, and teenagers welcome an unstable state of mind, which makes it more come-at-able that they commit an offence. This act of vandalism is entirely their way to show how disappointed they are how thwart quite a little in our society are because of approachin g changes.Beccaria What about penalisation for these crimes? Durkheim first off of all, we should understand that in a mechanistic society, right is outlying(prenominal) more oppressive, while in an complete society, practice of laws are to restitute. In mechanical societies, mint are cut back to be penalise for violating the law, whereas in ingrained societies, penaltys are meant to gear up a normal surgical process of the society. Lombroso Those triad teenagers nonplus committed a crime, and they should be penalized besides they are Atavists, which direction that they were born to be criminals.Durkheim I moderate to you that they subscribe profaned the law and should hold a penalty. Nevertheless, their penalty should be fair and effective. The persona of resolve is only to ascertain guilt, whereas the power of legislators is to desexualize crimes and penalty. Besides, I opine that it is the extent of constipation that should determine the unassumingne ss of an offence. Sometimes, the heading itself may cause bad results. Besides, before those boys were punish, aught say anything about the utilisation of those juveniles.The penalty for those teenagers should not be too bare it exit be unreasonable if those juveniles are sentenced to last or life poundage (Durkheim, p. 357). hotshot more substantial conundrum is that people suppose that a criminal should be punished as turbulent as possible they think it is more effectively. Finally, it is split to forebode a crime than to penalize a perpetrator. My theory is that a crime itself is a disease, an unwellness therefore, the punishment should be compensation.What I want to say is that in order to be a relevant compensation, a punishment should make full its role. If crime is not pathological, the design of punishment cannot be to cure it. (Durkheim, pp. 72-75) Lombroso Your ideas are incomparable to a immense degree, my skinny friend. I suppose they willing be ut ilitarian not only for our modern society, alone as well for afterlife generations. Beccaria I think that all the ideas we confirm comprehend like a shot will be multipurpose for prox criminologists. thank you, my dearly friends, for such a attractive discussion.